Funding Science with Science: Cryptocurrency and Independent Academic Research Funding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/ledger.2017.108Keywords:
funding basic science, masternodes, scientific funding, staking coins.Abstract
Scientific funding within the academy is an often complicated affair involving disparate and competing interests. Private universities, for instance, are vastly outpacing public institutions in garnering large, prestigious, science-related grants and external research investment. Inequities also extend to the types of research funded, with government, corporate, and even military interests privileging certain types of inquiry. This article proposes an innovative type of science research fund using cryptocurrencies, a fast-growing asset class. Although not a total funding solution, staking coins, specifically, can be strategically invested in to yield compound interest. These coins use masternode technologies to collateralize the network and speed transaction pace and may pay dividends to masternode holders, allowing institutions that purchase these types of central hubs to potentially engage in a lucrative form of dividend reinvestment. Using cryptocurrencies as a new funding stream may garner large amounts of capital and creation of nonprofit institutes to support the future of funding scientific research within educational institutions.
References
Ali, M. M., Bhattacharyya, P., Olejniczak, A. J. “The Effects of Scholarly Productivity and Institutional Characteristics on the Distribution of Federal Research Grants.” The Journal of Higher Education 81.2 164-165, 175 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0084
Burniske, C., White, A. “Bitcoin: Ringing the Bell for a New Asset Class.” Ark Invest (January 2017) https://research.ark-invest.com/hubfs/1_Download_Files_ARK-Invest/White_Papers/Bitcoin-Ringing-The-Bell-For-A-New-Asset-Class.pdf
Chamber, K. “What the Big Names are Doing: Influences of Endowments & Foundations in the Investment Philosophy.” Headwater Investment Consulting (April 2015) http://www.headwater-ic.com/sites/default/files/users/CBMason/topicsPapers/Topics_2015-04,Endowments.pdf
Chomsky, N. “Noam Chomsky—Startup Culture.” YouTube (27 October 2015) https://youtu.be/6jhwA1vLEpU
Chomsky N. “Public Education Under Massive Corporate Assault—What’s Next?” AlterNet (August 5, 2011) https://www.alternet.org/story/151921/chomsky%3A_public_education_under_massive_corporate_assault_%E2%80%94_what%27s_next
Christensen, C. M. The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Brighton: Harvard Business Review Press 3-35 (2013)
Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. “Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research.” In N. K. Denszin, Y. S. Lincoln (Ed.) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 11-14 (2017)
Giroux, H. A. “Neoliberalism’s War Against Higher Education and the Role of Public Intellectuals.” In M. Izak, M. Kostera, M. Zawadzki (Ed.) The Future of University Education, New York: Palgrave (2017) 185-206
Giroux, H. A. University in Chains: Confronting the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex. Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge 52-53 (2015)
Greenwood, D. J., Levin, M. “Reform of the Social Sciences and of UniversitiesThrough Action Research.” In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln (Ed.) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 43-64 (2005)
Greer, R. J. “What is an Asset Class, Anyway?” The Journal of Portfolio Management 23.2 (1997) 86-91 http://www.iijournals.com/doi/abs/10.3905/jpm.23.2.86?journalCode=jpm
Haller, S. F., Gerrie, J. “The Role of Science in Public Policy: Higher Reason, or Reason for Hire?” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 20.2 139-165 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-006-9027-4
Ioannidis, J. P. “Defending Biomedical Science in an Era of Threatened Funding.” JAMA 317.24 2483-2484 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.5811
Kennedy, J. V. “The Sources and Uses of US Science Funding.” The New Atlantis 36 (2012) https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-sources-and-uses-of-us-science-funding
Kincheloe, J. L., McLaren, P., Steinberg, S. R., Monzó, L. D. “Critical Pedagogy and Qualitative Research: Advancing the Bricolage.” In N.
K. Denszin, Y. S. Lincoln (Ed.) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (5th ed.) Thousand Oaks: Sage 235-260 (2017)
Lehner, E. “Describing Students of the African Diaspora: Understanding Micro and Meso Level Science Learning as Gateways to Standards Based Discourse.” Cultural Studies of Science Education 2.2 449 (2007)
Lehner, E. “The Return of the Natural Philosopher.” Cultural Studies of Science Education 5.1 71-78 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-009-9209-2
Lehner, E., Finley, K. “Should the New England Education Research Organization Start a Journal in the Age of Audit Culture? Reflections on Academic Publishing, Metrics, and the New Academy.” Bronx Community College (1 August 2016) http://academicworks.cuny.edu/bx_pubs/15
Levi-Strauss, C. The Savage Mind. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 16-22 (1966)
Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G. “Ethics: The Failure of Positivist Science.” The Review of Higher Education 12.3 227-228 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.1989.0017
Malkiel, B. G. A Random Walk Down Wall Street. New York: WW Norton & Company 15-45 (1974)
McKinley, D. C., et al. “Citizen Science Can Improve Conservation Science, Natural Resource Management, and Environmental Protection.” Biological Conservation 208 15-28 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.015
Mervis, J. “From the Outside Looking In.” Science 329.5989 270-273 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.329.5989.270-a
Mortenson, T. “State funding: A race to the bottom.” American Council on Education (Winter 2012) http://www.acenet.edu/the-presidency/columns-and-features/Pages/state-funding-a-race-to-the-bottom.aspx
Nestle, M. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. Berkeley: University of California Press 2 (2013)
No Author. “Our Model.” Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (accessed 18 August 2017) https://www.parkerici.org/our-model/
Piccirillo, J. F., Yueh, B., Davies, L., Weaver, E. “Addressing the Challenges for Otolaryngology Research to Inform Patient Care and Outcomes.” JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 143.9 865-868 (2017)
Reif, L. R. “How to Maintain America’s Edge: Increase Funding for Basic Science.” Foreign Affairs 96 95 (May/June 2017) https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2017-03-23/how-maintain-america-s-edge
Reiss, D. “What You Should Know About Dividend Reinvestment Plans.” U.S. News & World Report (12 January 2017) https://money.usnews.com/investing/articles/2017-01-12/what-you-should-know-about-dividend-reinvestment-plans
Roth, W. M., Barton, A. C. Rethinking Scientific Literacy. Abingdon-on-Thames, U.K.: Psychology Press 2-3 (2004)
Shore, C. “Beyond the Multiversity: Neoliberalism and the Rise of the Schizophrenic University.” Social Anthropology 18.1 16-17 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2009.00094.x
Sismondo, S. An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons 10-11(2011)
Strathern, M. “The Tyranny of Transparency.” British Educational Research Journal 26.3 309-321 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1080/713651562
Tobin, K. “The Value to Science Education of Teachers Researching Their Own Praxis.” Research in Science Education 29.2 167 (1999)
Tobin, K. G. “Sociocultural Perspectives on Science Education.” In B. J. Fraser, K. G. Tobin, C. J. McRobbie (Ed.) Second International Handbook of Science Education. New York: Springer 4-7 (2012)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
- The Author agrees to digitally sign the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.